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The later Ming Dynasty (1522-1644), covering the Jiajing, Longqing, and Wanli reigns, witnessed a period of significant experimentation and diversity in ceramic production. While the blue and white tradition continued, potters explored new colors, glazes, and decorative techniques. This resulted in a wide range of stylistic variations that reflect the evolving aesthetic tastes of the time. The later Ming saw a proliferation of different ceramic styles. The Jiajing period (1522-1566) is particularly noted for its use of vibrant colors, such as bright yellows, turquoise, and purples. This was a reaction against the more understated colors of the preceding Chenghua reign. The Jiajing era pushed the boundaries of ceramic design. The Wanli period (1573-1620) saw the introduction of new decorative techniques, such as the use of colored enamels on the biscuit. The era is characterized by a high level of decorative complexity and use of various techniques. The period is notable for its exuberance of design. Export porcelain also played an increasingly important role during the later Ming period. These pieces were often produced for overseas markets, particularly in Southeast Asia and Europe. This interaction resulted in the development of some hybrid designs that fused Chinese and foreign aesthetics. The diversity of later Ming porcelain underscores the dynamic nature of Chinese ceramic art and the adaptability of its artisans. This period also lays the groundwork for the artistic output of the Qing dynasty. The innovation and experimentation of the period demonstrates the incredible creative spirit of the Ming. |
Tag : Later Ming porcelain, Jiajing porcelain, Wanli porcelain, Ming Dynasty ceramics, Chinese export ware
"Kraak" porcelain, a term referring to a type of late Ming blue and white ware produced for export to Europe and other regions, is characterized by its distinct panelled designs, compartmentalized decorative elements, and intricate patterns. These pieces are an important element in understanding the role of Chinese pottery in international trade.
While we’ve discussed it before, it is worth revisiting Jingdezhen’s ongoing significance during the Ming Dynasty. The city of Jingdezhen remained the undisputed center of porcelain production during the Ming period, playing a vital role in the development of new techniques and styles and the mass production of porcelain for domestic and international markets. The consistent output of high quality pottery from Jingdezhen made it the central element of ceramic production in China for centuries.
While we've discussed the techniques themselves, it's worth focusing on the legacy of underglaze blue specifically during the Ming. The widespread use of underglaze blue on Ming Dynasty porcelain, which was both refined and innovated at this time, had a lasting impact on the subsequent development of Chinese and global ceramic traditions, and the enduring influence of these techniques can still be seen throughout the world today.
We've discussed literati taste, but let's focus on the specific motifs associated with scholarly life that often appeared on Ming Dynasty ceramics. The inclusion of these elements demonstrates the ongoing respect for learning, intellectual pursuits, and the natural world that was central to scholarly thought at the time.
The reign of the Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505-1521) saw a notable change in the style and decorative elements of Ming ceramics. The emperor's personal tastes and preferences led to the development of pieces that were both unique and influential. This period of experimentation reflects a degree of personal influence from the emperor that is not often found in Chinese pottery.