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The history of Regular Script (Kaishu) is a compelling narrative of evolution and refinement within Chinese calligraphy. Its development spans several centuries, evolving from the earlier Lishu (Clerical Script) during the Han Dynasty to reaching its zenith during the Tang Dynasty. This long history reflects not only the changing needs of Chinese society but also the continuous pursuit of artistic excellence. The early forms of Kaishu can be traced back to the late Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). At this time, Lishu was widely used, but a more regularized script was beginning to emerge for practical purposes. The transition from Lishu to Kaishu was not instantaneous; it was a gradual process of experimentation and standardization. Early forms still show some characteristics of Lishu, gradually becoming more distinct. The period of the Wei and Jin Dynasties (220-420 AD) witnessed the further development of Kaishu. Notable calligraphers of this era, such as Zhong Yao, contributed to the refinement of this script, establishing core principles that would shape its future. During this time, the structure of the characters became more defined and standardized. The Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) is widely regarded as the golden age of Kaishu. The famous calligraphers of the Tang, such as Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, and Liu Gongquan, each developed their own distinctive styles, setting the standard for future generations. The Tang Dynasty era is often viewed as the pinnacle of Chinese calligraphy. These masters' contributions solidified Kaishu’s position as the dominant script and set the standards that continue to be followed today. The stylistic differences among these Tang masters demonstrate the diversity within the standard script, and the continuing pursuit of aesthetic expression within set parameters. The impact of their work is still visible in all forms of Kaishu today. |
Tag : kaishu history, regular script evolution, Tang dynasty calligraphy, Chinese calligraphy history, Ouyang Xun calligraphy
This article explores the use of rhythm and flow in Tang Kaishu, highlighting how calligraphers varied stroke speeds, connected characters, and designed layouts to create a sense of movement, transforming the rigid structure of the script into a dynamic and engaging art form.
While often associated with ancient traditions, kaishu remains a vibrant and vital part of contemporary Chinese culture, demonstrating a remarkable capacity for adaptation and enduring relevance. This essay begins by acknowledging the historical roots of kaishu as the standard script used in official documents and its role in transmitting knowledge for centuries. However, its importance transcends mere historical value, as it continues to be actively utilized in modern-day China across various domains. This section will discuss the continued use of kaishu in formal government documents, educational materials, and even in the signage used in public spaces, demonstrating its ongoing role as a symbol of formality and officialdom.
This article discusses the calligraphic innovations of the mid-Tang period, highlighting how artists moved beyond established Kaishu styles, experimenting with new stroke techniques, character forms, and individual expression, adding diversity to the script’s development.
This article examines the distinctive calligraphy of the Northern Wei Dynasty, noting the blend of rugged and elegant styles, the influence of nomadic cultures and Buddhism, and how this period played a crucial role in shaping pre-Tang Kaishu.
This article discusses the significance of Sui Dynasty calligraphy as the culmination of pre-Tang Regular Script development, showing the convergence of styles towards a more standardized form, and its crucial role in preparing for the rise of formal Kaishu in the Tang Dynasty.