Comparing Early, Mid, and Late Tang Kaishu: A Stylistic Overview

The development of Tang Dynasty Kaishu can be divided into three broad periods—early, mid, and late—each with its own distinct stylistic characteristics. Comparing these three periods reveals the evolving nature of the script, highlighting the key transitions and changes that took place over the course of the dynasty. Examining the different stylistic periods highlights the development of the craft over the course of the era.

Early Tang Kaishu, often exemplified by the works of Ouyang Xun, emphasized structure, precision, and balanced proportions. The style was characterized by meticulously crafted strokes, clear lines, and a overall sense of formality. The early period set the foundation for the more expressive approaches that followed.

Mid-Tang Kaishu saw a shift toward greater expressiveness and individual interpretation, influenced by calligraphers such as Yan Zhenqing. Strokes became bolder, more varied, and often infused with a sense of emotional depth. The shift in style demonstrated a greater focus on individual artistic expression.

Late Tang Kaishu, with Liu Gongquan as a leading figure, displayed a focus on refinement, subtlety, and elegance. Characters were more delicately constructed, with precise control over brushstrokes and overall composition. The later styles helped to add sophistication and elegance to the work.

Understanding the stylistic differences between early, mid, and late Tang Kaishu allows us to appreciate the rich diversity of calligraphic expression during the dynasty. The different approaches reveal how different artists explored and reinterpreted the Kaishu script. The stylistic evolution helped to keep the script relevant and dynamic.